{"id":56521,"date":"2016-08-05T17:06:02","date_gmt":"2016-08-05T17:06:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/webkul.com\/blog\/?p=56521"},"modified":"2026-04-22T12:14:41","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T12:14:41","slug":"test-classes-in-apex-salesforce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webkul.com\/blog\/test-classes-in-apex-salesforce\/","title":{"rendered":"Apex Test Class in Salesforce Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>We write an Apex test class in Salesforce for unit testing. However, if we write Apex without a test class, it is just unusable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because Salesforce won&#8217;t let your code anywhere near production unless it&#8217;s backed by tests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Testing gives you code coverage. Here, code coverage refers to the lines of code that are covered by testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And many more aspects of the test class in Apex need to be discussed in detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This guide will help you with that and explain why Salesforce won&#8217;t let you push the trigger you just wrote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Are Apex Test Classes?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Code that tests your code is the simple definition of the test class in Apex. Their primary work is to verify if your business logic is behaving correctly under controlled conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It runs in isolation and simulates real-world data without touching live records. This ensures reliable test results without impacting the org data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At a platform level, Salesforce enforces test classes because:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Apex runs in a multi-tenant environment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Governor limits can break poorly written code<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deployments must not introduce runtime failures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A test class acts as a safety net before your code is allowed into production. That&#8217;s why it is mandatory to have a mimimum 75% of code coverage to deploy your code in production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Write Test Classes in Apex?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Salesforce enforces writing test classes in Apex, but there are legit reasons for this policy. We have mentioned some of them below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It makes it easy to catch bugs before users do. There is a vast difference between finding a bug in your sandbox vs when your seniors email you the screenshots of error messages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Documenting your test code journey is helpful when you see your code after six months. You still have the context of why you wrote that recursive trigger.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When you change something in the account trigger, the regression testing saves you while running the test. It ensures that the new changes don&#8217;t break anything.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Governor limits won&#8217;t surprise you because the testing will run in batches. <a href=\"https:\/\/webkul.com\/blog\/apex-programming-basics\/\">Understanding Salesforce governor limits<\/a> becomes crucial when you&#8217;re processing bulk data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apex Test Class Annotations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">@isTest Annotation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The test classes are written under the @isTest annotation. By using this annotation, we tell Salesforce that this is test code and doesn&#8217;t count against my org limit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Without @isTest, your test class counts toward your org&#8217;s 6MB code limit, and every kilobyte matters with a large org.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is @isTest(SeeAllData=True) vs @testSetup?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">@isTest(SeeAllData=True) Annotation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Test classes run in <strong>data isolation<\/strong>. It means they cannot see Accounts, Contacts, Users, or any other records that exist in production or the sandbox.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When you use @isTest(SeeAllData=True) annotation, it means that the test that runs in isolation can now access your live Salesforce org data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\">@isTest(SeeAllData=true)\npublic class LegacyProductTest {\n    \n    @isTest\n    static void testPriceCalculationWithRealPricebook() {\n        \/\/ This can query actual Pricebook2 records from your org\n        Pricebook2 standardPricebook = &#091;\n            SELECT Id, Name, IsStandard \n            FROM Pricebook2 \n            WHERE IsStandard = true \n            LIMIT 1\n        ];\n        \n        \/\/ Can access real Products\n        List&lt;Product2&gt; existingProducts = &#091;\n            SELECT Id, Name, ProductCode \n            FROM Product2 \n            WHERE IsActive = true \n            LIMIT 5\n        ];\n        \n        System.debug(&#039;Found real pricebook: &#039; + standardPricebook.Name);\n        System.debug(&#039;Found &#039; + existingProducts.size() + &#039; real products&#039;);\n        \n        \/\/ Rest of your test logic using real org data\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">@testSetup Annotation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, @testSetup is about <strong>creating reusable test data<\/strong>, not accessing org data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It runs once before test methods and inserts controlled records that all test methods can use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\">@isTest\npublic class AccountTriggerTest {\n    \n    @testSetup\n    static void setupTestData() {\n        \/\/ This runs ONCE before all test methods\n        List&lt;Account&gt; accounts = new List&lt;Account&gt;();\n        for(Integer i = 0; i &lt; 200; i++) {\n            accounts.add(new Account(\n                Name = &#039;Test Account &#039; + i,\n                Industry = &#039;Technology&#039;\n            ));\n        }\n        insert accounts;\n    }\n    \n    @isTest\n    static void testBulkUpdate() {\n        \/\/ Data from @testSetup is already there\n        List&lt;Account&gt; accounts = &#091;SELECT Id, Name FROM Account];\n        System.assertEquals(200, accounts.size());\n        \/\/ Your test logic\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparison Table<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To help you better understand the difference, see the comparison table given below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Aspect<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>SeeAllData=true<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>@testSetup<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Uses existing org data<\/td><td>\u2705 Yes<\/td><td>\u274c No<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Creates controlled data<\/td><td>\u274c No<\/td><td>\u2705 Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Environment independent<\/td><td>\u274c No<\/td><td>\u2705 Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Repeatable tests<\/td><td>\u274c No<\/td><td>\u2705 Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recommended best practice<\/td><td>\u274c Rarely<\/td><td>\u2705 Yes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apex Test Class in Salesforce Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Test Class for trigger<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is the Trigger for which we will be writing the test class:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush:java\">trigger bookTrigger on book__c (before insert) {      \n     \/**\n      * Webkul Software.\n      *\n      * @category  Webkul\n      * @author    Webkul\n      * @copyright Copyright (c) 2010-2016 Webkul Software Private Limited (https:\/\/webkul.com)\n      * @license   https:\/\/store.webkul.com\/license.html\n      *\/   \n\n        list&lt;book__c&gt; li = trigger.new;\n        \n        for(book__c str : li){\n            str.Price__c = str.Price__c * 0.8;\n        } \n        \n}\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now the test class will be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush:java\">@isTest\nprivate class bookTriggerTest {\n\n    \/**\n      * Webkul Software.\n      *\n      * @category  Webkul\n      * @author    Webkul\n      * @copyright Copyright (c) 2010-2016 Webkul Software Private Limited (https:\/\/webkul.com)\n      * @license   https:\/\/store.webkul.com\/license.html\n      *\/\n\n    static testMethod void validateHelloWorld() {\n       Book__c b = new Book__c(Name='Behind the Cloud', Price__c=100);\n       System.debug('Price before inserting new book: ' + b.Price__c);\n\n      \/\/ Insert book\n       insert b;\n\n       \/\/ Retrieve the new book\n       b = [SELECT Price__c FROM Book__c WHERE Id =:b.Id];\n       System.debug('Price after trigger fired: ' + b.Price__c);\n\n       \/\/ Test that the trigger correctly updated the price\n       System.assertEquals(80, b.Price__c);\n    }\n}\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Test Class For Extension<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is the Controller Extension for which we will be writing a test class:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush:java\">public with sharing class contactext {\n    \n    \/**\n      * Webkul Software.\n      *\n      * @category  Webkul\n      * @author    Webkul\n      * @copyright Copyright (c) 2010-2016 Webkul Software Private Limited (https:\/\/webkul.com)\n      * @license   https:\/\/store.webkul.com\/license.html\n      *\/\n\n    public contact con;\n    \n    public contactext(ApexPages.StandardController std){\n        \n            con = (contact)std.getrecord();\n            \n    }\n    \n    public pagereference savedata(){\n    \n        try{\n        \n            insert con;\n            apexpages.addmessage(new apexpages.Message(apexpages.severity.confirm,'Contact Saved'));\n        \n        }catch(exception e){\n        \n            apexpages.addMessages(e);\n        \n        }\n        \n        pagereference pg = page.Task02_Contactext;\n        pg.setredirect(true);\n    \n        return pg;\n    \n    }    \n    \n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now the test class will be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush:java\">@isTest\npublic class contactextTest\n{\n\n    \/**\n      * Webkul Software.\n      *\n      * @category  Webkul\n      * @author    Webkul\n      * @copyright Copyright (c) 2010-2016 Webkul Software Private Limited (https:\/\/webkul.com)\n      * @license   https:\/\/store.webkul.com\/license.html\n      *\/\n\n   @isTest static void testMethodForException()\/\/Checking Records for exception\n    {\n\tAccount testAccount = new Account();\/\/Insert Account\n        testAccount.Name='Test Account' ;\n        insert testAccount;\n        Contact cont = new Contact();\n        cont.FirstName ='Test';\n        cont.LastName ='Test';\n        cont.accountid =testAccount.id;\n        insert cont;\n        ApexPages.StandardController sc = new ApexPages.StandardController(cont);\n        contactext contactextObj = new contactext(sc);\/\/Instantiate the Class\n        try\n        {\n            contactextObj.savedata();\/\/Call the Method\n        }\n        catch(Exception e)\n        {}\n        list&lt;account&gt; acc = [select id from account];\/\/Retrive the record\n        integer i = acc.size();\n        system.assertEquals(1,i);\/\/Test that the record is inserted        \n        \n    }\n\t@isTest static void testMethod1()\/\/Testing the insertion method\n    {\n        Account testAccount = new Account();\/\/Insert Account\n        testAccount.Name='Test Account' ;\n        insert testAccount;\n        Contact cont = new Contact();\n        cont.FirstName ='Test';\n        cont.LastName ='Test';\n       cont.accountid =testAccount.id;\n\t  \n            try\n            {\n                ApexPages.StandardController sc = new ApexPages.StandardController(cont);\n                contactext contactextObj = new contactext(sc);\/\/Instantiate the Class\n                contactextObj.savedata();\n\t         }\n            catch(Exception ee)\n            {}\n            list&lt;account&gt; acc = [select id from account];\/\/Retrive the record\n\t        integer i = acc.size();\n\t        system.assertEquals(1,i);\/\/Test that the record is inserted\n        \n    }     \n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Test Class For Controller<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is the class for which we will be writing the test:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush:java\">public with sharing class retrieveAcc {\n\n    \/**\n      * Webkul Software.\n      *\n      * @category  Webkul\n      * @author    Webkul\n      * @copyright Copyright (c) 2010-2016 Webkul Software Private Limited (https:\/\/webkul.com)\n      * @license   https:\/\/store.webkul.com\/license.html\n      *\/\n\t    \n    public list&lt;account&gt; getacc(){\n    \t\n    \tlist&lt;account&gt; li = [select Name,AccountNumber,AccountSource,ParentId from account];\n    \t\n    \tif(li!=null &amp;&amp; !li.isEmpty()){\n    \t\n    \t\treturn li;\n    \t\n    \t}else{\n    \t\n    \t\treturn new list&lt;account&gt;();\n    \t\n    \t}    \n    \t\n    }\n    \n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now the test class will be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush:java\">@isTest<br>private class retriveAccTest {<br><br>    \/**<br>      * Webkul Software.<br>      *<br>      * @category  Webkul<br>      * @author    Webkul<br>      * @copyright Copyright (c) 2010-2016 Webkul Software Private Limited (https:\/\/webkul.com)<br>      * @license   https:\/\/store.webkul.com\/license.html<br>      *\/<br><br>\t@isTest static void testmeth1(){<br>\t\t\/\/Insert Record for testing the If situation<br>\t\taccount acc1 = new account(name = 'acc1', AccountSource = 'Web');<br>\t\taccount acc2 = new account(name = 'acc2', AccountSource = 'Web');<br>\t\tlist&lt;account&gt; accList = new list&lt;account&gt;();<br>\t\taccList.add(acc1);<br>\t\taccList.add(acc2);<br>\t\tinsert accList;<br>\t\t<br>\t\t\/\/Test that Records are Inserted<br>\t\tlist&lt;account&gt; obj1 = new retrieveAcc().getacc();<br>\t\tsystem.assertequals(obj1.size(),2);<br>\t\t<br>\t\t\/\/Delete Records For testing the Else situation<br>\t\tdelete accList;<br>\t\t<br>\t\t\/\/Test that Records are Deleted<br>\t\tlist&lt;account&gt; obj2 = new retrieveAcc().getacc();<br>\t\tsystem.assertEquals(obj2.size(),0); <br>\t}     <br>}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How To Run a Test Class in Developer Console?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step-1:<\/strong><br>Open the Developer Console Window.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cdnblog.webkul.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Step1.png\" alt=\"Apex test class in Salesforce\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step-2:<\/strong><br><a href=\"http:\/\/cdnblog.webkul.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Step2-1.png\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cdnblog.webkul.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Step2-1.png\" alt=\"test class in developer console\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step-3:<\/strong><br><a href=\"http:\/\/cdnblog.webkul.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Step3-1.png\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cdnblog.webkul.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Step3-1.png\" alt=\"test class in developer console\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step-4:<\/strong><br><a href=\"http:\/\/cdnblog.webkul.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Last-1.png\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cdnblog.webkul.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Last-1.png\" alt=\"apex test class in salesforce\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Code Coverage:<\/strong><br><br><a href=\"http:\/\/cdnblog.webkul.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/CodeCoverage2.png\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cdnblog.webkul.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/CodeCoverage.png\" alt=\"code coverage\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cdnblog.webkul.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/CodeCoverage2.png\" alt=\"code coverage\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Final Thoughts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Apex test class in Salesforce gives confidence, and you can deploy your code without any fear. It protects your org from changes that can negatively impact your entire platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can onboard new developers without praying they don&#8217;t break everything. That\u2019s the real value. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Partnering with <a href=\"https:\/\/webkul.com\/hire-salesforce-developers\/\">Certified Salesforce developer<\/a> ensures well-structured Apex test classes, higher code coverage, and error-free deployments. It helps maintain secure, scalable, and high-performing Salesforce applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And remember: a test that catches a bug in development is worth a thousand &#8220;sorry&#8221; emails to users.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wk-index-wrap\"><h3 class=\"index-title\">Support<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"margin-bottom-50\">\n<p>That\u2019s all for Implementing Test Classes In Apex Salesforce. Still have any issue <a href=\"https:\/\/webkul.uvdesk.com\/en\/customer\/create-ticket\/\">raise a ticket<\/a> and let us know your views to make the code better. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We write an Apex test class in Salesforce for unit testing. However, if we write Apex without a test class, it is just unusable. Because Salesforce won&#8217;t let your code anywhere near production unless it&#8217;s backed by tests. Testing gives you code coverage. Here, code coverage refers to the lines of code that are covered <a href=\"https:\/\/webkul.com\/blog\/test-classes-in-apex-salesforce\/\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":104,"featured_media":56076,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1887,3498],"tags":[3497,3485,3486,3487],"class_list":["post-56521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-salesforce","category-test-classes","tag-test-class-in-apex-salesforce","tag-test-classes","tag-test-classes-apex","tag-test-classes-salesforce"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Apex Test Class in Salesforce Explained with Examples<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A practical guide to Salesforce Apex test class in Salesforce, covering modern best practices for developers 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