{"id":133081,"date":"2018-07-13T06:14:34","date_gmt":"2018-07-13T06:14:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webkul.com\/blog\/?p=133081"},"modified":"2018-10-12T10:50:43","modified_gmt":"2018-10-12T10:50:43","slug":"fundamentals-of-api-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webkul.com\/blog\/fundamentals-of-api-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"Fundamentals of API Testing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"panel panel-primary\">\n<div class=\"panel-heading\">\n<h3 class=\"panel-title\">What is API testing?<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"panel-body\">\n<p>Application Program Interface (API) is a set of commands used by an individual program to communicate with one another directly and use each other&#8217;s functions to get information and API testing is a type of software testing, which is done just to make sure that API is returning the correct response as per the expected format. API testing includes testing (Representational State Transfer) REST APIs\u00a0 with (JavaScript Object Notation) JSON being over (Hypertext transfer protocol) HTTP and HTTPS.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"panel panel-primary\">\n<div class=\"panel-heading\">\n<h3 class=\"panel-title\">How REST Requests Work?<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"panel-body\">\n<p>An API is made up of set of REST requests.\u00a0These are the requests made to an application server that retrieve, delete, or manipulate data in an application\u2019s database.<\/p>\n<p>A REST request is made up of following parts:-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An <strong>HTTP verb<\/strong>\u00a0that describes what action should be taken.<\/li>\n<li>A <strong>URL<\/strong> that defines the location of the request.<\/li>\n<li><strong>HTTP headers<\/strong> that provide information to the server about the request.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00a0<strong>Request body<\/strong>\u00a0that provides further details for the request.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Certainly, there are mainly 4 methods involve in testing REST API like GET, POST, PUT and DELETE.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"panel panel-primary\">\n<div class=\"panel-heading\">\n<h3 class=\"panel-title\"><strong>GET<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"panel-body\">\n<p>First of all, lets start with GET request. It is the most commonly and widely used method in API. The GET method is used to extract information from the given server using a given URL.<\/p>\n<p>For example, we have an API with <strong>\/products<\/strong> endpoint. Making a GET request to that endpoint should return a list of all products in the shop and if we want to retrieve the detail of a particular product then we can fetch it by its product id using\u00a0<strong>\/products\/{{product_id}}.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Syntax:-<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:js\">GET https:\/\/abcd.com\/products\/{{product_id}}<\/pre>\n<p>Response will be like\u00a0 :-<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:js\">{\r\n\"product\": {\r\n\"title\": \"Product\",\r\n\"id\": 546,\r\n\"type\": \"simple\",\r\n\"status\": \"publish\",\r\n\"regular_price\": \"500\",\r\n\"description\":\" abcd\",\r\n\"short_description\": \"xyz\"\r\n}<\/pre>\n<p>We need to validate these things:-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Check that a valid GET request returns a 200 status code.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure that a GET request to a specific resource returns the correct data. Here for request\u00a0GET \/products, it must return a list of all products.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"panel-heading\">\n<h3 class=\"panel-title\"><strong>Post<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"panel-body\">\n<p>Another most important request is POST request which basically creates new entity. It can also be used to send data to the server.\u00a0The data sent to the server is stored in the request body of the HTTP request. The body specifies exactly what information should be added to the database. It is usually in\u00a0JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)\u00a0or\u00a0Extensible Markup Language (XML)\u00a0format.<\/p>\n<p>Here is an example of what a JSON request body might look like for doing a POST request to add a product:-<\/p>\n<p>Syntax:-<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:js\">POST https:\/\/abcd.com\/products<\/pre>\n<p>Request Body :-<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:js\">\"product\": {\r\n\"title\": \"Product\",\r\n\"type\": \"simple\",\r\n\"regular_price\": \"545\",\r\n\"description\":\" abcd\",\r\n\"short_description\": \"xyz\"\r\n}<\/pre>\n<p>Response will be like\u00a0 :-<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:js\">{\r\n\"product\": {\r\n\"title\": \"Product\",\r\n\"id\": 547,\r\n\"type\": \"simple\",\r\n\"status\": \"publish\",\r\n\"regular_price\": \"545\",\r\n\"description\":\" abcd\",\r\n\"short_description\": \"xyz\"\r\n}<\/pre>\n<p>We need to follow these steps to test POST requests :-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Create a resource with a POST request and make sure that 200 status code is returned.<\/li>\n<li>Secondly, make a GET request for that resource, and make sure that the data was saved correctly.<\/li>\n<li>Add tests that ensure POST requests FAIL\u00a0with incorrect or wrongly formatted data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"panel-heading\">\n<h3 class=\"panel-title\"><strong>PUT<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"panel-body\">\n<p>PUT requests are used to create a new entity or update an existing one.\u00a0The difference between PUT and POST is that PUT is idempotent. An idempotent method means that the result of a successful performed request is independent of the number of times it is executed.<\/p>\n<p>Syntax:-<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:js\">PUT\u00a0https:\/\/abcd.com\/products<\/pre>\n<p>Request body and Response will be same like POST requests.<\/p>\n<p>We need to follow these steps to test PUT requests :-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Repeatedly calling a PUT request always returns the same result (idempotent).<\/li>\n<li>After updating a resource with a PUT\u00a0request, a GET request for that resource should return the new data.<\/li>\n<li>PUT requests should fail if invalid data is supplied in the request.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"panel panel-primary\">\n<div class=\"panel-heading\">\n<h3 class=\"panel-title\"><strong>DELETE<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"panel-body\">\n<p>DELETE request deletes the resource at the specified URL.<\/p>\n<p>If a new product is created with a POST request to <strong>\/products<\/strong> , and it can be fetched with a GET request to <strong>\/products\/{{product_id}}<\/strong> , then making a DELETE\u00a0request to\u00a0<strong>\/products\/{{product_id}}<\/strong>\u00a0will completely remove that product.<\/p>\n<p>Syntax:-<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:js\">DELETE\u00a0https:\/\/abcd.com\/products\/{{product_id}}<\/pre>\n<p>Simple test case for DELETE request is :-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Create a new user with a POST request to\u00a0<strong>\/products<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>With the product id returned from the POST , make a DELETE request to\u00a0\u00a0<strong>\/products\/{{product_id}}<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>After that on passing a\u00a0GET\u00a0request to\u00a0<strong>\/products\/{{product_id}}<\/strong>\u00a0 should return a 404 not found status code.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Likewise, we will learn about how we use postman to test API methods and how to make test scripts in postman in another blog.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is API testing? Application Program Interface (API) is a set of commands used by an individual program to communicate with one another directly and use each other&#8217;s functions to get information and API testing is a type of software testing, which is done just to make sure that API is returning the correct response <a href=\"https:\/\/webkul.com\/blog\/fundamentals-of-api-testing\/\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":198,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3137],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-133081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-testing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Fundamentals of API Testing - Webkul Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/webkul.com\/blog\/fundamentals-of-api-testing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fundamentals of API Testing - Webkul Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is API testing? 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