Performing Events in Selenium WebDriver

Input elements are most commonly used elements in a form or a webpage (which takes some input from user). An input element can be of a text type or can be a password type (which shows ‘*’ while writing something on them). The text fields accept the entered value and show as it is (the way they are typed). In a password filed, they generally mask the typed value usually by dots or asterisks to avoid the sensitivity of the content.
Consider the following example, we will select an input element and  will try to enter some value to it.

In the above images, we have two elements. The first element takes email as its input type and the other takes password as its input type. Consider we want to enter values as email-‘himanshu.chand168@webkul.com’ and password- ‘secret’. We can get the first element by it’s attribute id and second by it’s name (Different type of locators are explained here).

Entering values to input element :

To enter some values in an element, we use the method ‘sendKeys’.

• driver.getElementBy.id(“email”).sendkeys(“himanshu.chand168@webkul.com”);
• driver.getElementBy.name(“password”).sendkeys(“secret”);

Deleting values form input element :

To enter some values in an element, we use the method ‘clear’.

• driver.getElementBy.id(“email”).clear();
• driver.getElementBy.name(“password”).clear();

Lets see a simple code which  invokes the sendKeys method to enter text in the username and password element.

package accessInputElements;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class AccessInputElements { 
 WebDriver driver; 
 @Test 
 public void accessInputElements() throws InterruptedException {
   chrome_path = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/chromedriver";
   System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", chrome_path);
   driver = new ChromeDriver(); 
   driver.manage().window().maximize(); 
   driver.navigate().to("https://himanshu-shop.myshopify.com/admin");
   driver.findElement(By.id("Login")).clear(); //To clear the pre-filled content of element
   driver.findElement(By.id("Login")).sendKeys("himanshu.chand168@webkul.com"); 
   driver.findElement(By.id("Password")).sendKeys("secret"); 
   driver.close(); 
 }
}

A button can majorly be divided in three types. A submit button, radio button and a check box. We can access a button and preform an event by simply clicking on it.
Lets see how we can perform events on different types of button:

A simple button:

To access a button we can just look for the best element locator which refers the button. We can perform a click action using “click” method.

• driver.getElementBy.name(“password”).click();

Submit Button:

<input type=”submit”> defines a button for submitting the form data to a form-handler. We can perform a submit auction to submit the form at any input which is under a particular form.

• driver.getElementBy.name(“password”).submit();

Note:

<input type=”button” /> buttons will not submit a form – they don’t do anything by default. They’re generally used in conjunction with JavaScript as part of an AJAX application, so we need to click a these types of inputs.

<input type=”submit”> buttons will submit the form they are in when the user clicks on them, unless you specify otherwise with JavaScript. We can use “Enter” key-press on a form and submit the form automatically if there is a submit button

Lets see a simple code which  invokes a click event to a button and a submit event :

package accessInputElements;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class AccessInputElements { 
 WebDriver driver; 
 @Test 
 public void accessInputElements() throws InterruptedException {
   chrome_path = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/chromedriver";
   System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", chrome_path);
   driver = new ChromeDriver(); 
   driver.manage().window().maximize(); 
   driver.navigate().to("https://himanshu-shop.myshopify.com/admin");
// To clear the pre-filled content of element
   driver.findElement(By.id("Login")).clear(); 
   driver.findElement(By.id("Login")).sendKeys("himanshu.chand168@webkul.com"); 
   driver.findElement(By.id("Password")).sendKeys("secret");
// Here the button input type is 'submit' so we can submit the form using to methods
// 1. By clicking the button 
   driver.findElement(By.id("LoginSubmit")).click();
// 2. By using .submit to any input which exists under the form   
   driver.findElement(By.id("Password")).submit();
   driver.close(); 
 }
}

Radio Buttons and Check Box:

Radio Buttons and check box too can be toggled on by using the click() method. But only toggling a checkbox/radio button is not a job, before it we need to first see if a check box is already checked or if the Radio Button is selected by default.

Lets see a simple code which  selects a radio button and checks a checkbox:

 List  radioButtons = driver.findElements(By.name("radio_button"));
 boolean bSelected = false;
 bSelected = radioButtons.get(0).isSelected(); // check if first radio button is selected
 if(bSelected )
    radioButtons.get(1).click();        // if first radio button is selected, we select second button
 else
    radioButtons.get(0).click();        // if first radio button is not selected then we select it

@Test 
 public void accessDropDown() throws InterruptedException {
   chrome_path = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/chromedriver";
   System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", chrome_path);
   driver = new ChromeDriver(); 
   driver.manage().window().maximize(); 
// navigate top a url   
   driver.navigate().to("https://192.168.1.164/registration-form.html");  
// creating an oblect of class Select
   SelectddSelect = new Select();
// here we selectddSelect by it's visible text.
   ddSelect.selectByVisibleText("Friend");
// closing browser
   driver.close(); 
 }

We have many select methods which can be used to access a drop-down. Some of them are stated below: